Urology is a branch of medicine that focuses on the study, diagnosis and treatment of conditions affecting the male and female urinary tract, as well as the male reproductive system. Specialists in this field, known as urologists, are doctors who have completed specific training in urology.

The main organs and systems covered by urology include the kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra and, in men, the prostate. Women may also be treated by urologists for conditions affecting the urinary tract, such as urinary incontinence or urinary tract infections.